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Swift Overview

Introduction​

Swift is a powerful and intuitive programming language developed by Apple for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS app development. It's designed to be:

  • Safe and secure
  • Fast and efficient
  • Modern and expressive
  • Interactive with Playgrounds

Key Features​

1. Type Safety and Inference​

// Type inference
let name = "Swift" // String
var version = 5.0 // Double

// Explicit type annotation
let language: String = "Swift"
var isAwesome: Bool = true

2. Optionals​

// Optional declaration
var optionalName: String?
var requiredName: String

// Optional binding
if let name = optionalName {
    print("Hello, \(name)!")
}

// Optional chaining
let uppercase = optionalName?.uppercased()

3. Protocol-Oriented Programming​

protocol Vehicle {
    var wheels: Int { get }
    func start()
}

struct Car: Vehicle {
    let wheels = 4

    func start() {
        print("Engine started")
    }
}

Modern Features​

1. SwiftUI​

import SwiftUI

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        Text("Hello, Swift!")
            .padding()
    }
}

2. Async/Await​

func fetchData() async throws -> Data {
    let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
    return data
}

// Usage
try await fetchData()

Memory Management​

1. ARC (Automatic Reference Counting)​

class Person {
    let name: String
    weak var friend: Person?

    init(name: String) {
        self.name = name
    }

    deinit {
        print("\(name) is being deinitialized")
    }
}

Next Steps​

  1. Explore Swift Features
  2. Learn about Memory Management
  3. Dive into Protocol-Oriented Programming